Case Study The Mask - 1217 Words

Case Study: â€Å"The Mask† Stephen Doherty, a researcher and blogger for the Symantec Corporation, provides a case study that proves targeted attacks are growing and evolving. His case study entitled, â€Å"The Mask,† is a cyber-espionage group established in 2007 to hack, monitor and exfiltrate data from infected targets. Their method of breach uses intense spear phishing to lure the victims in using deceiving emails. In addition, The Mask coincidently enough specializes in tools that target Spanish speakers. The Mask is still present today, filled with professional hackers with an exuberant amount of resources. When targeting the victim, The Mask typically will send out an email to a recipient with what looks like legitimate PDF or Microsoft Word documents. However, this malware includes a Remote Access Trojan. This means that once the recipient opens the file, The Mask has full remote access to his or her computer. Furthermore, this tool provides full access to Word documents, encrypted files, mobile backup files and email archives, which then all the information is easily exfiltrated. Cyber-espionage is still expanding and their targets are increasingly becoming more diverse. The Mask is just one example of the accredited cyber groups with sophisticated capabilities, defense, and special tools to simply hack whomever they want. Case Study: Criminals Hit the ATM Jackpot In this case, cybercriminals discovered a new method called, Ploutus, a new way to steal money from anShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Mason Surgical Masks1465 Words   |  6 PagesModule 6 Case1 Chapter 14 Mason Surgical Masks The unique selling proposition of Mason Surgical Masks is that it offers protection from both particulate and gaseous hazardous materials. The unique selling proposition (USP) or unique selling point is an advertising notion first projected as a philosophy to clarify an arrangement in positive marketing movements of the premature 1940s. The USP states that such movements made exclusive proposals to clienteles that persuaded them toRead MoreEthical Dilemmas Of The United States1235 Words   |  5 Pageseveryone obeys the law, ethical cases form. In Springfield, Missouri, a holistic nurse got fired for fighting against Cox South hospital policies. Carla Brock has been a nurse at Cox South hospital and not only refused the flu shot, but also refused to wear a mask. She refused due to religious beliefs, she gets short of breath while wearing the mask, and she feels the mask is meant to intimidate and humiliate those who refuse the shot. The ethical question in this case study is to decide if Carla shouldRead MoreEssay on An Examination of Visual Agnosia1519 Words   |  7 Pagesquickly replaced with a feeling of des pair. Visual agnosia is a neurological disorder characterized by the inability to recognize familiar objects (Farah, 1990). Object recognition is the ability to place an object in a category of meaning. Most cases of visual agnosia are brought about through cerebral vascular accidents or traumatic brain injury typically inhibiting sufficient amounts of oxygen from reaching vital body tissues (Zoltan, 1996). There are a vast array of impaired abilities and deficitsRead MoreTraditions Transfigured : The Noh Masks Of Bidou Yamaguchi1392 Words   |  6 Pages Traditions Transfigured: The Noh Masks of Bidou Yamaguchi Name Institution Course Date This presentation concentrates on late figures by Bidou Yamaguchi that apply the structures, systems, transformative soul, and secretive style of Noh covers to famous female pictures from the European workmanship recorded standard, and to Kabuki performing artist prints of Sharaku, Japan s baffling 18th century picture expert. These works fundamentally develop Noh s change of souls crosswise over time andRead MoreEssay about Reader-Response to The Masque of the Red Death874 Words   |  4 PagesReader-Response to The Masque of the Red Death      Ã‚  Ã‚   Some major concepts of reader-response criticism, as discussed by Ross Murfin in The Scarlet Letter: Case Studies in Contemporary Criticism, are these: (1) reading is a temporal process in which the reader lives through the experience of the text and (2) the experience that the reader undergoes may mirror the subject of the story. One readers experience of The Masque of the Red Death by Edgar Allan Poe can exemplify these two conceptsRead MoreSmoke Exposure And Its Impact On Health1664 Words   |  7 PagesIn this case study, the environmental hazard of surgical smoke in a day-case operating theatre is explored by evaluating smoke exposure and its impact on health. The manager of an operating theatre raised concerns with the organisation’s OH adviser about the health and safety of staff and their exposure to surgical smoke. Incipient employees had highlighted this issue, which had not been raised aforetime. A jeopardy assessment of the electro-surgery equipment was undertaken, and protracted exposureRead MoreIntroduction:. â€Å"All The World’S A Stage† – Shakespeare1583 Words   |  7 Pagessituations within which social norms require us to present different versions of ourselves – what in this paper we shall call â€Å"masks† or â€Å"personas.† This paper will provide examples from old plays and stories in order to keep it more contemporary – even use pop culture as a reference, so as to create a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of how social personas and masks work in society, and whether they differ across cultures as well. Finally, certain concluding remarks will be made, which allowRead MoreShadows On The Skin : A Study Of Dually Randall And Paul Laurence Dunbar957 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Skin: A Study of Dually Randall and Paul Laurence Dunbar Dually Randall and Paul Laurence Dunbar are two African American writers living during the early twentieth century. These men did not know each other, however, they both encountered the same hardship of being an African American living before the civil rights movement. Both men use poems that emphasize sound, structure and imagery to express what they experienced during that harsh time. A careful analysis of â€Å"We Wear the Mask† and â€Å"BalladRead More The Lord of the Flies Essay1220 Words   |  5 Pagesexemplified in his book Lord of the Flies, in which he uses masks to represent . These masks come in many forms, and by careful study of events throughout Golding’s novel, one discovers their significance. Physical masks are used by many characters such as Jack and Piggy, and they are perhaps the least ambiguous forms found in the book. The idea of a mask encompasses more than just these literal interpretations, however. Metaphorical masks are used in abundance throughout the book, and much can beRead MoreCommedia Dell Arte and Influences on Modern Theatre1140 Words   |  5 Pagesthe history of theatre. During the 16th, 17th and 18th century, in the midst of the renaissance, there was a very delightful source of entertainment that people where privy too. This archaic form of acting was based around improvising and the use of masks. I am comparing this to modern day comedy since I have seen direct examples on television, which use this method of acting, in modern day shows. The fact that some of these performers were verging on genius is without dispute. Contemporary performers

Analysis Of The Book Breaking The Land - 932 Words

â€Å"Breaking the Land† discusses three major components throughout the book; cotton, tobacco, and the rice culture. Pete Daniel, the author, discusses the transformation of these three subjects throughout history. The different agriculture crops are described by explaining the environment that they are in and the difficulties they come across. The book explains how the crops and the environment have changed because of the difficulties they have faced. Diseases, race, inflation and deflation of crop prices, laws, and the economy are some of the main problems that helped transform the environment of the crop industry. The book explains in great detail the challenges that each crop undertook to become a more modern industry, along with the increase of technology. Technology plays a large role in creating a more modern life for the agriculture industries. Daniel goes on to explain the new technology that is used during the timeline of events for the development of agricultural c rops. In â€Å"Breaking the Land†, it is broken up into four different books. Each book is in chronological order to when events happened in history. Every book has several chapters contained in it that discusses the transformation of each crop. For example, book one: â€Å"Three Southern Commodity Cultures, 1880-1932†, contains three chapters. Each chapter discusses a specific crop and the transformation during that time period. Each individual chapter tells the story and background of that crop. Throughout eachShow MoreRelatedBlack Boy And The Grapes Of Wrath Analysis1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe bible is a pretty exhilarating book; tales of bearded men crossing deserts, talking snakes, talking bushes, forbidden fruits, floods, adultery, and pregnant virgins. What more could you want? Well, you might want to escape poverty. Logically, your next question is: can religion accomplish this task? And according to Richard Wright and John Steinbeck, the answer is a resoun ding â€Å"no.† Wright and Steinbeck, pump their books, Black Boy and The Grapes of Wrath, respectively, full of biblical allusionsRead MoreThe American Civil War: March By Sherman1403 Words   |  6 Pagesgoing to look into the march by Sherman and the tactic of Blitzkrieg. By consulting books that outline the tactics used in both events, I will be able to draw connections between the two and, also, be able to contrast the two. In studying the tactics, I will look at the troop size, the speed of the attack, and how the attacks took place. In addition, similarities and differences will be pointed out in the Analysis section. In stating the similarities and differences, I will be able to uncover connectionsRead MoreThe Leisure-Cruise Industry Porter Paper1329 Words   |  6 Pagessurroundings, duty, safety, protection and work increases. 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Personally both the movie and the novel were very persuasive becauseRead MoreAn Inquiry Into The Nature And Causes Of The Wealth Of Nations986 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1776, Adam Smith, also known as the founding father of economic liberalism, changed the world with a historical document titled An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. This book was intended to be an attack upon the economic system during the 18th century. Today, Smith is known as the inventor of the market economy because of this particular work. Although, the article has a built-in bias, having both fact and opinion. The Wealth of Nations is considered to be the bibleRead MoreAchebe and Fanon on Colonization and Decolonization1400 Words   |  6 Pagesextended to a certain group of people living in the same area, pride turns into nationalism. The residents not only feel like they geographically own the land, but their history of culture in that given area lends them an emotional connection as well. 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The events take place on Mohawk land near Cornwall, Ontario on a bridge that connects Canada and the United States. There are many differences between the two forms of political power in the movie. One relates to state-centered institutions, which in this case are represented by the police and the political power that is enforcedRead MoreBruno Bettelheims Fairy Tale Insight Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagesis many times unknown, but their reputations have always remained the same. These tales not only attract children with their wondrous lands and magical charm, but they captivate the child by involving relatable characters with recognizable problems. While these stories provide mind-churning imagination, the lesson they provide does not cease to exist when the book is closed. Bruno Bettelheim, the author of Uses of Enchantment, has constructed an evaluation that fairy tale’s offer insight to the

Taxation of Dividend - Interest - and Capital Gain

Question: Discuss about the Taxation of Dividend, Interest, and Capital Gain. Answer: Introduction: The business conducted by the taxpayer is of providing lessons in dancing. For this, the taxpayer received the fees in advance and encouraged students for providing advance fees by providing discounts. The taxpayer created a suspense account to include the fees that are prepaid and named the account as Unearned deposit- untaught lessons account. The proportionate fees for which tuition has been provided is transferred from the suspense account and is recognized as income. The prepaid fees were received on the condition that the taxpayer will not refund the fees but generally, the fees are refunded for students that do not complete the lessons (Burkhauser et al., 2012). The advance fees were not recognized as income by the taxpayer until the dancing lessons are provided. The assessable income of the taxpayer did not include the advance fees but only the fees of students to whom the dancing lessons has been provided. The tax authority however included the advance fees received in asses sable income for determining the tax liability. The issue before the court is to determine whether the advance fees received by the taxpayer should be included in assessable income in the year the service is provided or in the year, the fees are received in advance (Burkhauser et al., 2015). In this case, the court held that the fees that are received in advance should be included in the assessable income of the taxpayer in the year the actual dancing lessons are provided. The judgment also referred to the general rule that advance fees received for the services that has not been provided should be treated as advance and not as an income (Atkinson Leigh, 2013). There advance fees received was not to be refunded as per agreement but in practice, taxpayer refunded the fees of students that did not complete the lessons. Therefore, the court held that, as there is a possibility that the taxpayer might have to refund the fees so the prepaid fees should not be included in the assessable income of the taxpayer (Markle, 2015). The incomes that are derived during the year are treated as assessable income by the taxpayer as per section 6-5 of the ITA Act 1997. The income derived is explained in the section 6-5(4) of the act and it states that it is to be taken as income derived if the income is received by someone on behalf of the taxpayer or directly by the taxpayer (Mares Queralt, 2015). The receipt method and the earning method are two most popular methods of recognizing income for the purpose of tax. The method that will reflect the income of the taxpayer in the most correct manner is considered as the appropriate method for recognizing income. The Para 19 and Para 20 of Taxation ruling 98/1 provides the general rule of recognizing the income. According to the Para, 19-receipt method is appropriate for income that are derived from non-business activity, investments and income derived by employee (Greenville et al., 2013). According to Para 20 of the ruling for income derived from business of trading and manufacturing the earning method is the most appropriate. The RIP Pty Ltd made a profit of $2.45 million by proving funeral and associated services during the income year 30 June 2016. The company collects the fees from customers under different options. It collected fees directly from customers after providing services by issuing a net 30 days invoice. The company also issued a net 30 days invoice and received fees from the external insurance companies (Tiley Loutzenhiser, 2012). The company also received fees from RIP Finance, which carried on the business of providing credit on installments. The company also conducted a scheme of easy future plan and received fees in advance as installments. The earning method best reflects the income derived by the business so according to this method the RIP Pty Ltd should recognize income as the service is provided. Therefore, company should not wait for the actual receipt income but should recognize the revenues when the 30 days invoice is raised (Lang, 2014). The company received fees as advance in stallments under the easy future plan. The fees received are non-refundable and in case a customer fails to complete all the installments then the company forfeits the fees. The analysis above shows that the company derives income as the funeral service is provided. Yes, the principles held in the case of Arthur Murray are applicable in the current situation of RIP Pty Ltd. It is because the circumstances under both the cases are almost similar. In the case of Arthur Murray, the court held that the taxpayer derives income in the year the service is provided. The court in this case also highlighted the general rule that advance fees that are received for providing a service is to be recognized as income in the year the service are actually provided. In easy future plan the RIP Pty Ltd receives fees in advance for providing a service of funeral in the future. The accounting treatment of the income received should be made based on the case of Arthur Murray (Cao et al., 2015). The prepaid fees received under this scheme should be treated as advance and should be transferred to income in the year the service is provided. The Taxation Ruling 98/1 mentions two methods of accounting of income for the purpose of tax. These two methods of determining income derived are receipt method and earning methods. The receipt method also known as cash basis or cash received basis considers income derived in the year the actual or constructive fees is received. It is also provided in section 6-5(4) of the ITA Act 1997 that it will be considered as income derived if the fees are received by someone else on behalf of the taxpayer. There is another method called earning method that is used for determine income derived for the purpose of tax. The earning method is also known as accrual method or cash and credit method (Krever Mellor, 2016). The earning method provides that the income is derived as the service is provided and the recoverable debt is created. The recoverable debt means the service that was required as per the agreement has been provided and the amount can be legally claimed and recovered. Then analysis p rovided above shows that the commissioner of tax and the taxpayer have two choices for accounting of income for the purpose of tax. The method that reflects the income derived correctly for the income year should be chosen for determining income derived. In the scheme of easy future plan the RIP Pty Ltd received fees in advance installments. The scheme provides that if not all the installments are paid by the customers then the fees received should be forfeited and the company will have no liability for providing the services. The fees that are forfeited are transferred to a separate account called Forfeited payment account (Tran-Nam et al., 2014). The balance in the forfeited payment account should be recognized as income because the fees are non-refundable and the company has no liability of providing e services in the future. The trading stock includes items that are produced, manufactured or acquired and is used by the business for the purpose of manufacture, sale or exchange. The meaning of trading stock is defined under section 70-10 of the ITA Act 1997. The nature of trading stock can be better understood if it is clear that trading stock does not include CGT assets and financial agreements. The amount that is incurred of capital nature should not be included in the trading stock as per section 70-250 of the ITA Act 1997. The RIP Pty Ltd has purchased caskets and accessories. The company use this items for proving general service to the customer so this items should be treated as stock. The amount that is paid for purchasing trading stock is deductible under section 8-1 as general expenses. The amount paid for the purchase of stock is allowed as deduction in the year the stock becomes part of the stock in hand of the company (Saad, 2014). The RIP Pty Ltd has paid an advance of $25000.00 for items to be delivered in August of the next income year. The general deductions can be availed by a taxpayer in respect of payments that are made for carrying on business with the intent of producing an assessable income as per section 8-1 of the ITA Act 1997. In this case the company has paid in advance for items of stock that are to be delivered in the next income year. Therefore, based on the provisos mentioned in section 8-1 of the act, the advance made has not produced any assessable income so such advances should not be included in the assessable income of the taxpayer. It is advised to treat $25000.00 as advance and not as expenses for the year 30 June 2016. The ordinary income is defined in section 6-5 of the ITA Act 1997 and it states that income received from any source by a resident Australian should be included in the assessable income. The RIP Pty Ltd is a resident company so the dividend received by the company should be included in the assessable income. The dividend received by the RIP Pty Ltd is fully franked so the company is allowed to take the franking credits. The CGT assets are defined under section 100-25 of the act and there is also a list CGT assets provided under that section. According to the meaning of CGT assets and the list provided under that section advance rent paid for rental storage space does not qualify to be a CGT asset. Therefore, it is advised that the amount paid should be treated as an advance and the rent of four months belonging to the current year should be treated as expenses (Harding, 2013). This four-months rent is allowed as general deduction under section 8 of the ITA Act 1997. The unused long service leave is to be included in the assessable income of the taxpayer as per section 83-80 of the ITA Act 1997. The Rip has paid an unused long service leave of three months in advance. This payment for long service leave should not be treated as advance but expenses for the tax purpose. The amount that is paid for producing assessable income can be claimed as general deduction under section 8 of the ITA Act 1997. The land and building is included in the list of CGT assets provided under section 100-25 of the ITA Act 1997. The expenses that are incurred for the purpose of land and buildings are the expenses of capital nature and should not be allowed as general deduction under section 8 of the act (Rimmer et al., 2014). The expenses incurred by the company during the year for the purpose of landscaping, constructing onsite parking and equipments are all of capital nature and should not be included as general deduction as per section 8-1 of the ITA Act 1997. Reference Atkinson, A. B., Leigh, A. (2013). The Distribution of Top Incomes in Five Angloà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Saxon Countries Over the Long Run.Economic Record,89(S1), 31-47. Burkhauser, R. V., Feng, S., Jenkins, S. P., Larrimore, J. (2012). Recent trends in top income shares in the United States: reconciling estimates from March CPS and IRS tax return data.Review of Economics and Statistics,94(2), 371-388. Burkhauser, R. V., Hahn, M. H., Wilkins, R. (2015). Measuring top incomes using tax record data: A cautionary tale from Australia.The Journal of Economic Inequality,13(2), 181-205. Cao, L., Hosking, A., Kouparitsas, M., Mullaly, D., Rimmer, X., Shi, Q., ... Wende, S. (2015). Understanding the economy-wide efficiency and incidence of major Australian taxes.Treasury WP,1. Greenville, J., Pobke, C., Rogers, N. (2013).Trends in the Distribution of Income in Australia. Melbourne: Productivity Commission. Harding, M. (2013). Taxation of Dividend, Interest, and Capital Gain Income. Krever, R., Mellor, P. (2016). Australia, GAARsA Key Element of Tax Systems in the Post-BEPS Tax World.GAARsA Key Element of Tax Systems in the Post-BEPS Tax World (Amsterdam: IBFD, 2016), 45-64. Lang, M. (2014).Introduction to the law of double taxation conventions. Linde Verlag GmbH. Mares, I., Queralt, D. (2015). The non-democratic origins of income taxation.Comparative Political Studies,48(14), 1974-2009. Markle, K. (2015). A Comparison of the Taxà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Motivated Income Shifting of Multinationals in Territorial and Worldwide Countries.Contemporary Accounting Research. Rimmer, X., Smith, J., Wende, S. (2014). The incidence of company tax in Australia.Economic Round-up, (1), 33. Saad, N. (2014). Tax knowledge, tax complexity and tax compliance: Taxpayers view.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,109, 1069-1075. Tiley, J., Loutzenhiser, G. (2012).Revenue Law: Introduction to UK Tax Law; Income Tax; Capital Gains Tax; Inheritance Tax. Bloomsbury Publishing. Tran-Nam, B., Evans, C., Lignier, P. (2014). Personal taxpayer compliance costs: Recent evidence from Australia.Austl. Tax F.,29, 137.

SDN Overview of Network

Question: Discuss about the SDN Overview of Network. Answer: Introduction Software Defined Networking makes the network administrator job to be easier, flexible to manage the high demanded traffic of today. The huge network traffic congestion issues can be well mitigated with the new architectural components. Every new technology brings huge benefits, along with potential challenges that need to be addressed, at higher priority level. Software Defined Networking Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a new networking approach that gives great flexibility to the network administrators to control and manage the services of the network, through high level functionality abstract. It provides emerging architecture that can be ideal for dynamic nature, higher bandwidth that suits the applications of today, by being manageable, adaptable, dynamic and cost-effective. ONF (Open Networking Foundation) group is associated with the standardization and development of the Social Defined Networking. So, SDN is, Directly Programmable Network control can be programmable directly, because of its decoupling from the forwarding functions. Centrally Managed In the SDN controllers, that are software based, Network intelligence is well centralized logically and network global view is maintained that could appear to the policy engines and applications as a logical and single switch. Agile The control can be abstracted, so that it lets the administrator able to adjust the traffic flow that is network wide, so that the dynamically changing needs could be met. Open standards-based and vendor-neutral SDN can simplify the design and operation of the network, as the instructions are proposed and given by the controller of the SDN, rather than vendor specific, multiple protocols and devices. Programmatically Configured SDN allows the managers of the network to configure, secure, optimize, manage the resources of the network very quickly through automated and dynamic programs of SDN, which can be easily written by the managers and these instructions are not dependent over the proprietary software. Architecture Figure: SDN System Architecture (Source, ONF) Key Concepts in SDN Architecture Business Applications Business applciations are the applications that are consumable by the customers, directly. These possibilities are supply chain managmenet, video conferencing and customer relationship management. Network and Security Services It is a functionality, through which the business applciations are enabled for perform securely and efficiently. Pure SDN Switch When a pure SDN switch is considered, traditional switch control functions are executed in the central controller. the switch functionality is entirely restricted to the data plane. Hybrid Switch When hybrid switch is considered, both the traditional switching protocols and SDN technologies can be operated and run simultaneously. The network manager can statistically configure the controller of the SDN so that the certain traffic flows can be identified, discovered and controlled, whereas the traditional and distributed networking protocols direct the remaining traffic is left directly. Hybrid Network Northbound API establishes the communication in between the business application layer and control layer. Southbound API The southbound API establishes communication in between infrastructure and control layer, through the OpenFlow, XMPP (eXtensible Messaging and Presence Protocol). Seurity Issues The security risks in implementing the SDN technology stand still in the state of infancy. Vectors for Attach There can be a security issue in the separation of forwarding plane and control plane. Usually, the archicture of SDN is divided into 3 different layers, called application, controller and infrastructure layers, while the last layer consists of the services and applciations that can configure and request the infrastructure of the SDN. These three are possible vectors fo attack and in addition to that, the security issue is further complex with the technology. Figure: SDN Security Attack Vectors The major issue with the SDN technology is that it relies over new encapsulation and overlay technique, for which many of the present tools of security cannot inspect and understand the traffic of the SDN. Data Layer, SouthBound There are many of the Southbound protocols and APIs, used by the SDN controller for communication over the network and each of them employs own securing communications, however, they are not developed with full security taken into consideration. The increased user-friendliness interface of the API created increased network surface attack of the network infrastructure. The network elements can be targeted and attacked right within the network itself. The attack can be by gaining unauthorized access, either virtually or physically to the network or even try to compromise the host to attack and the network elements and destabilize the networks. Controller Layer The SDN controller can be targeted for various intentions and purposes. The attack can be to instantiate new network flows by spoofing messages of either northbound or southbound messages towards better access to the network devices. When it is successful, then the traffic can be allowed to attack the SDN and can bypass the pre-defined policies for security. SDN Layer It is likely that the northbound protocol can be attacked. If the attack is possibly leveraged for the northbound APIs that are vulnerable, then SDN network will be in control of the attacker through the controller. the attacker can even create new and convenient policies for SDN to gain and access the environment of the SDN. Security Framework Securing Controller Layer Since the controller is considered as a key target attack, so it should be well hardened. Hardening the controller security posture, needs hardening of the host operating system. The best practices to harden the Linux servers public facing are made applicable. SDN systems should allow secure configuration and access that is authenticated by the administrator to controller. RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) policies are needed for administrators of the controllers. Audit trials and logging can be the best used to check for any possible unauthorized changes, performed by the administrators. In case, the controller is attacked for DoS, then High-Availability (HA) controller architecture can be beneficial. Redundant controllers of the SDN, though suffer from the loss, they still continue to function. It would definitely raise the expert level bar for the attacker, who tries to attack all of these controllers for DoS. In addition to that, the attacker wont be particularly stealthy and further aims of the attacker will remain undetected. Conclusion Software Defined Networks are as beneficial as security vulnerable. The technology of not only development of the SDN should be developed, but also make the security levels to be confident and hardened, otherwise the number of threats will be more than the benefits, yielding from the SDN. References B. McGillicuddy, "SDN security issues: How secure is the SDN stack?," SearchSDN, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://searchsdn.techtarget.com/news/2240214438/SDN-security-issues-How-secure-is-the-SDN-stack. Accessed: May 26, 2016. Benton, Kevin and Camp, L Jean and Small, Chris "Openflow vulnerability assessment".Proceedings of the second ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Hot topics in software defined networking. 2013 Braga, Rodrigo and Mota, Edjard and Passito, Alexandre "Lightweight DDoS flooding attack detection using NOX/OpenFlow".Local Computer Networks (LCN), 2010 IEEE 35th Conference, 2010. Jin, Ruofan and Wang, Bing "Malware detection for mobile devices using software-defined networking".Research and Educational Experiment Workshop (GREE), 2013 Second GEN, 2013 Kreutz, Diego and Ramos, Fernando and Verissimo, Paulo "Towards secure and dependable software-defined networks".Proceedings of the second ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Hot topics in software defined networking. 2013 R. Millman, "How to secure the SDN infrastructure," ComputerWeekly, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.computerweekly.com/feature/How-to-secure-the-SDN-infrastructure. Accessed: May 26, 2016. S. Hogg, "SDN security attack vectors and SDN hardening," Network World, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://www.networkworld.com/article/2840273/sdn/sdn-security-attack-vectors-and-sdn-hardening.html. Accessed: May 26, 2016. Scott-Hayward, Sandra and O'Callaghan, Gemma and Sezer, Sakir (2013). "SDN security: A survey".Future Networks and Services (SDN4FNS), IEEE SDN, 2013

A Midsummer Nights Dream Essays (972 words) - Hermia,

A Midsummer Nights Dream The Realm of Imagination In A Midsummer Night's Dream, Shakespeare uses the green world and its inhabitants as a symbol of imagination. The characters flee from reality to escape the laws that govern everyday life in Athens. The importance of imagination reveals itself when the constraints of everyday life are lost in this realm. The fact that actors fall asleep multiple times reinforces Shakespeare's allusion to an escape from reality. Fairies playfully create a magical scene creating a suspension of disbelief for the actors as well as the audience. The problems that these characters face are remedied because of the ability of the mind to create this mythical world. Harmony is restored to the characters' lives because of their ability to bring fantasy into reality. Shakespeare portrays the power of the imagination as humanity's most divine quality because it allows one to embrace a realm outside of this world and allows one envision fantasy. In Athens, laws of the society threaten the characters' freedom. The ?sharp Athenian law? pursues these characters and causes them to escape into the forest. Lysander states, ?From Athens her house remote seven leagues;/ And she respects me as her only son. /There, gentle Hermia, may I marry thee, /And to that place the sharp Athenian law/ Cannot pursue us?. (I.i.156) Here, Lysander suggests to Hermia that the two of them retreat from society to escape from the law that binds them. Shakespeare uses the forest to represent the human imagination, which is manifested in the ability to dream. He focuses upon the abilities of the human mind to temporarily escape the harsh rules of society. The rules of society do not govern their actions as long as they are in the forest. Helena and Demetrius retreat into the woods, yet these characters are not led into the realm of imagination to escape the persecution of society. Unlike Hermia and Lysander, Demetrius and Helena retreat into the forest because of their infatuation with others. Helena is infatuated with Demetrius, who is infatuated with Hermia. Helena lures Demetrius into the forest by telling him about Hermia and Lysander's plans. Helena states, ?I will go tell him of Hermia's flight. /Then to the wood will he tomorrow night /Pursue her(I.i 246) Both characters flee into imagination because their love is not returned to themselves. They flee into the forest into the realm of chaos and dreams where everything is possible. The elements created within the forest bring the characters into harmony with each other. The fairies rule in the realm of imagination. They are mythical, elusive figures of the forest, responsible for creating illusion and fooling the humans. Oberon, the king of the fairies, is referred to as the ?king of shadows?. This reference shows the elusive nature of the fairies, and their being. They are only a ?shadow? of reality again the forest and fairies are seen elements of imagination. Puck is a character referred to as a ?hobgoblin? responsible for fooling humans to jest for Oberon. These characters enjoy the trickery done unto the humans, which can be used as a metaphor for imagination. One's imagination is sometimes responsible for fooling one's self. The fairies are used to represent this aspect of imagination. A fellow fairy recognizes Puck and describes him as ?he /That frights maidens of the villagery, and sometimes labor in the quern, /And bootless make the breathless huswife churn, /And sometimes make the drink to bear no barm, /Mislead night wanderers, laughing a t their harm.?(II.i.32) Puck is responsible for misleading humans and plays on their minds. The actions Puck is conducting are referred to as ?figments of imagination? for which the fairies are said to be responsible. The fairies here bring magic to the humans in the forest when lovers become crossed in their paths. In the minds of the characters, the fairies in all of these cases have brought life to what is fantasy. The fairies, like dreams, have been able to create an alternate harmonious state for the characters by bringing life to the ordinary and mundane. Though fairies exist in a world within the forest while the humans live in Athens on the outside of imagination, the lines between reality and imagination

Compounds of plant secondary metabolites Essay Example

Compounds of plant secondary metabolites Essay Example Compounds of plant secondary metabolites Essay Compounds of plant secondary metabolites Essay Introduction What are secondary metabolites? Plant secondary metabolites are compounds that have no recognized function in the care of cardinal life processes in the programs that synthesize them ( Oksman-Caldentey, et Al. 2004 ) . Historically, secondary metabolites where idea of as waste merchandises as their absence does non ensue in the immediate decease of the works. Primary metabolites such as phytosterols, acyl lipoids, bases, aminic acids and organic acids, are critical for the basic life maps such as cell division and growing, respiration, storage and reproduction. With betterments in biochemical techniques and the development of molecular biological science, secondary metabolites have been proven non to be waste merchandises ( Bourgaud, et Al. 2001 ) . Their map is to help the works in its interaction with its environment. These interactions can be plant-insect, plant-microorganism and plant-plant interaction, making a complex and dynamic mixture of facultative and obligate interactions from mutualism to pathogenicity ( Dixon 2001 ) . Presently more than 100,000 secondary metabolites are known, and with there being at least 250,000 different works species, each with an infinite figure of interactions possible with their environment, many are thought to be undiscovered ( Pimm, et Al. 1995 ) .Generally our cognition of secondary metabolites is limited, with there being a big figure of cistrons, some of which being genus or even species specific. There is besides an tremendous chemodiversity between secondary metabolites, taking to a hapless word picture of metabolic tracts at the degree of biosynthetic intermediates and enzymes ( Dixon and Steele 1999 ; Forkmann and Martens 2001 ) . Secondary metabolite diverseness in workss is an evolutionary driven feature that is mostly influenced by their dynamic environment. There is a huge array of functions that these secondary metabolites are involved in, including protection against herbivores, microbic infection, and attractants for pollinators and allelopathic agents. Of those discovered, most are derived from merely a few edifice blocks, the ethanoate C2 unit ( polyketides ) , the phenylalaine/tryrosine-dervied C9 unit ( phenyl-proanoids ) , the isopentenyl diphosphate C5 unit and some aminic acids ( Verpoorte 1998 ) . Exploitation of secondary metabolites is of immense benefit in the production of pharmaceuticals ( see table 1 ) , dyes, insect powders, nutrient additives and spirits, and cosmetics. What is Biotechnology? Biotechnology is the control and calculated use of a life system to develop commercial procedures and a merchandise. In the production of secondary metabolites it offers unprecedented chances to work the cell, tissue, organ or full beings by turning them in vitro and to genetically pull strings them to obtain a coveted merchandise. Biotechnology provides an alternate to obtaining secondary metabolites from wild and cultivated workss. Reaping from wild programs has built-in jobs due to extinction of the harvest from which the metabolite is isolated, habit devastation and a loss of familial diverseness within works species ( certain species affected include Arcostaphylos uva-vrsa ( bear berry ) and Piper methysticum ( kava ) ) . It is estimated that between 4,000 and 10,000 works species whose secondary metabolites are extracted for medical intents are now endangered ( Edwards, 2004 ) . Conventional agricultural production of secondary metabolites is hapless as the workss of greatest involvement to industry make non turn good when they are cultivated outside of their natural environment. Another danger posed by big field cultivation is the susceptibleness of the workss to pathogen invasion ( anthracnose on Hypericum perforatum ) ( Bourgaud et al.,2001 ) . Chemical synthesis of secondary metabolites is frequently non possible due to their extremely complex constructions and a deficiency of sufficient cognition of specific stereochemical demands needed and besides, the feasibleness of the production procedure can be a hinderance ( Bourgaud et al. , 2001 ) . Biotechnology presents the possibility for the production of secondary metabolites with higher outputs, a uniformed higher quality merchandise, feasibleness and dependability. Due to a deficiency of cognition of secondary metabolites in the developmental phases, under specific emphasiss, seasonal or alimentary demands in workss, merely a few high value secondary metabolites utilizing a biotechnological attack are successful to day of the month on a commercial graduated table. An illustration is shikonin production by cell suspension civilizations of Lithospermum erythrorhizon. Chemical categories of Secondary Metabolites. Secondary metabolites can be classified on the footing of chemical construction, composing, whether or non they are soluble in H2O or the tract by which they are synthesised. There are three chief categories: Terpenoids Phenolic resins Alkaloids. Terpenoids. Terpenoids are the largest group of secondary metabolites ( Verpoorte and Memelink, 2002 ) with more than 30,000 different constructions ( Julsing et al. , 2006 ) . All terpenoids are derived by the insistent merger of bifurcate five C units based on an isopentane skeleton. Terpenoids are frequently referred to as isoprenoids. Terpenoids are classified based on the figure of five Cs units they contain. The smallest of these, is isoprene ( C5 ) which is of import in the commercial production of spirits and aroma additives. Sterols are 30 C molecules called triterpene. They play an of import function in the pharmaceutical industry as a get downing stuff for the synthesis of drugs such as steroid endocrines and preventives. In workss, terpenoids are responsible for the release of volatile compounds in response to herbivore harm. These compounds function in pulling arthropods, which prey on the herbivores. Other categories of terpenoids include phytoalexins, which provide direct defense mechanism against herbivores and microbic pathogens. Alkaloids Alkaloids are the best studied category of secondary metabolites. More than 12,000 alkaloids have been identified ( Oksman-Caldent, 2004 ) . Alkaloids contain N derived from amino acids ( Julsing et al. , 2006 ) and map is thought to be involved in the defense mechanism of the works. Alkaloids represent a really diverse group of medically important compounds that include good known drugs such as morphia and codeine. See figure 2. Phenolic resins Phenolic compounds contain aromatic rings bearing one or more hydroxyl groups ( -OH ) . Nearly 8000 of these phenolic compounds have been discovered to day of the month. They are derived from pentose phosphate, shikimate and phenylpropanoid tracts. They have a wide scope of maps including growing, reproduction and defense mechanism. Flavonoids are the largest group of phenolic compounds, and are found in about all known works species ( Julsing et al. , 2006 ) .

BUSINESS ANALYSIS - JOHN LEWIS PARTNERSHIP Essay

BUSINESS ANALYSIS - JOHN LEWIS PARTNERSHIP - Essay Example Initially started as a draper store in Oxford Street London, the firm has been able to make critical progress over the period of time by making acquisitions of strategic nature. The very structure and organization of the firm therefore provides it a unique identity and organizational culture which has allowed it to develop and grow over the period of time. A closer analysis of the financial performance of the firm would suggest that it has been able to continuously register an increase in its profitability and revenues. Such consistent performance of the firm therefore indicates that it is one of the leading businesses with stable revenues and profitability. This report will analyse the strategic position of John Lewis Partnership, making direct reference to the key challenges and opportunities for the organistaion and the capabilities which John Lewis can utilise in addressing these issues besides critically evaluating the current strategy of John Lewis and comment on their appropri ateness to the competitive position. A Brief History of John Lewis Partnership John Lewis Partnership started as a draper store in Oxford Street, London in 1864 by John Lewis. The store later on went on to become the departmental store when Mr. Lewis started to purchase other stores and started to expand his business. The store thrived on the promise that the prices will be low as long as long as the prices of the neighborhood stores are low. This strategy seems to have worked for the store and store soon started to grow and generate higher levels of sales. In 1905 John Lewis purchased Peter Jones and made a change towards becoming a departmental store. It was during 1914 that John Lewis gave control of Peter Jones to his son who started the store on more modern footings and implemented new organizational changes including making employees as partners in the firm. 1 During 1955, firm opened first Waitrose store and the management also changed from Lewis family to Bernard Miller. How ever, after the retirement of Miller, the management of the firm was transferred back to the family. Management again changed during 1990s when Peter Lewis retired as Chairman of the firm. John Lewis’s major strategic change occurred with the launch of its online store during 2001 and the establishment of Ocado. Ocado was opened in order to deliver the grocessories purchased on Waitrose. (Wilson & Reynolds, 2006). John Lewis is now in the top 10 list of retailers in the country with more than 30 John Lewis Stores and 246 Waitrose supermarkets.2 SWOT Analysis SWOT Analysis of the firm is as follows: Strengths 1. Rich history of successfully operating for more than 200 years. 2. Overall organizational structure and democratic nature of the firm. 3. High level of employee motivation because of employee partnership in the business. (Russell, 2010). 4. Large and diversified network of stores and web stores. 5. Efficient and effective supply chain management system. 6. High brand r ecognition and value in the eyes of customers Weaknesses 1. Only caters to the mid and high end customers. 2. Privately owned partnership therefore restricting itself to procure cheaper funds from capital markets. 3. Largely concentrated into UK with no or very little presence abroad. 4. Too few departmental stores across the country i.e. less than 30 considering 200 years history of

Motivation and Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Motivation and Performance - Essay Example In fact the intrinsic motivation is preferable as the employee develops affinity with the organization and considers the welfare of the organization to be his wellbeing. This improves his productivity and performance since it will go along with his satisfaction. Such employees are also loyal to the company's cause. In contrast the employee who looks for extrinsic motivation becomes greedy in anticipation and looks for alternatives to promote his own wellbeing. Two academic articles have been put up for review. Seijts, G.H., Latham, G.P., Tasa, K. & Latham, B.W. (2004) in their article "Goal setting and goal orientation: An integration of two different yet related literatures" published in the Academy of Management Journal suggest that goal orientation and goal setting are two different fields that are unfortunately considered as one composite by most authors. In their view this does not augur well in establishing that motivation and devotion are the causative elements of better performance by employees. They argue that goal setting does not take into consideration the level of preparedness or personality of the employee who is expected to benefit out of it and in turn the company does not gain in terms of better productivity. In their view goal orientation paves the way for better understanding of the goals set and help to eventually realize the same to benefit both the employee as well as the organization. They have gone on to state that self-efficacy and quest for information act as a go-between the effect of a learning goal on performance. In their final view they confirm that their results were based on a single industry that was service oriented. For this they have relied on empirical research and have applied the same with their well explained theories. Two of the authors - Latham and Latham- have written profusely on the subject in various other publications and have covered the subject widely. On the other hand Marsden, D. (2004) has relied on the case studies of non-profit companies, to write "The role of performance-related pay in renegotiation the "effort bargain".' published in the Industrial & Labor Relations Review. His research of mostly state owned or controlled companies led him to the conclusion that although rewards and schemes that result from goal setting have been quite successful, the motivation of the participants was not a contributory factor in the end result. This appears contradictory but the author has rather convincingly proven his point in case using the empirical evidence with subjective questioning that brought out this fact. He has correctly diagnosed that the leaders and managers are under the wrong impression that their performance related schemes have borne results out of motivation despite the results being according to their expectations. He however is not reluctant to state that the out come of performance related pay has resulted in higher productivity due more to the smart use of the management ploy. Indeed it appears that this scheme has been rather well exploited by the employees and they have been able to use it as a tool to negotiate better deals for themselves. While the managements have been convinced that performance related pay has improved the productivity in services, the real fact is that the employees have craftily used this as a lever to

The analysis of project plan of TUI travel agency Essay

The analysis of project plan of TUI travel agency - Essay Example TUI is abbreviated for Touristik Union International. It was established in 1968. TUI headquarters are located at Berlin, Germany and its official website is www.tui.com. TUI is the largest integrated tourism group in Europe, lagging far behind its competitors with a turnover of about â‚ ¬ 21,866 million in 2008. Initially, it company worked as Preussag AG, and gained a renowned fame in the field of transportation and industrial sector till 2001. This year, it became a 100% subsidiary of Preussag AG. In next year, Preussag AG was transformed into TUI AG. During next few years, TUI developed and changed its production from industrial segment to a modern tourism and shipping company. At present, the company has an extensive network all over the world and is a market leader of tourism industry in Europe. The main areas of operations include tourism, shipping, tour operators, airlines, travel agencies, hotels, resorts, retail stores, cruises, ship containers, and incoming agencies. TU I has â‚ ¬14,917.5 million current and non-current net assets and liabilities. On December 2008, TUI had 70,200 employees , 285 hotels in 28 different countries including 84% four or five star hotels, 79 tour operators in 18 countries, 120 aircraft, 10 cruise liners, and 443 subsidiary companies. One of the unmatchable entrepreneurial landmarks of TUI is its continuous structural progress and upgrading services offered to worldwide customers. Contrary to its rivalry, TUI is very successful in both the tourism and shipping divisions because of its advanced attractive products and services as well as the expansion of new and strong brands. However, the performance of TUI has been affected badly due to ongoing war against terrorism, natural calamities, global recession and lack of customer confidence. Prior to 9/11, TUI had more dynamic growth from 1995 to 2001. Post 9/11 affects really restricted the TUI’s expansion strategy especially in various countries of Asia. Since China is an emerging market, therefore TUI had planned a broad strategy but war in Afghanistan and its further affects in Pakistan kept TUI to hold up its venture

Cognitive psychology

Cognitive psychology Information processing systems in the brain are studied under Cognitive psychology (Sternberg, 2008). Cognitive psychology is a broad range of study, which includes the study of internal mental conditions, thinking, and language, solving problems, processing information, artificial intelligence, development of infants, feelings and how the mind performs these functions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Development of Cognitive psychology has provided many significant points in research and has turned out to be a most important discipline in psychology that looks inside the mental processes, for example, solving problems, language, and memory, the study of how an individual thinks, perceives, remembers, learns, and then behaves. In the later part of the 19th century several psychologists became increasingly interested in the field of cognition. Considering theories of earlier behaviorists, for example Jean Piaget in the early part of the 19th century with his attention on the thoughts of children, B.F. Skinner in the mid-19th century with his operant conditioning, or Noam Chomsky who challenged B.F. Skinners idea some years later. After many doubts and uncertainties of the ability of the research attained from the behaviorists, currently what is known as cognitive psychology replaced these theories. Therefore, the interest with the study of cognition starts to increase and cognition turns out to be an enormous concept in psychology, which has been known as the cognitive revolution, and then became to be known as cognitive psychology. A significant point in the advancement of cognitive psychology begins with a psychologist named Wilhelm Wundt, who was the first individual to identify the subject of psychology, in the last part of the 18th century (Taylor, 2005). Wundt thought that psychology dealt with the examination of experience (structuralism), which he described in a table of the brain that was similar to the periodic table. Another psychologist, whos name was William James, challenged Wundts findings. The research that James conducted, allowed James to recognize that, Mental processes must have a purpose; they must be for something (Willingham, 2007, p. 15). In other words, the experience of an individual was not what was important but the meaning of the experience to the individual (functionalism). Additionally, William James took part in the James-Lange Theory. This theory indicates that an individuals emotion that is experienced is based upon the decided action in which the individual engaged in. After st ructuralism (Wundt) and functionalism (James), a theorist emerged to challenge the theories of James and Wundt, this theorist was named John Watson. Watsons theory is known as behaviorism and was based upon his own beliefs. After Wundts structuralism and James functionalism, a theorist named John Watson emerged and challenged both Wundts and James theories by his own beliefs, which is known as behaviorism. Behaviorism can be described as what an individual is doing or is observed to be doing by another individual. Watsons theory indicated, first study the individuals behavior and make an assumption, then determine the basic relations between the stimuli and the response. Watson believed that a stimuli and a response can be interchangeable. After Watsons theories of behaviorism, the decline of behaviorism began and another theory was started to study the mind, this other theory compared the mind to a computer. This theory turned into the bond connecting behaviorism and cognitive psychology. As technology advanced, this comparison of the mind to a computer allowed psychologists to understand more of the internal human, which became a major part in how theorists studied human thought processes and behaviors. Behavioral observation of psychologists transformed curiosity of the mental process was brought about by the development of the computer (Rosenzweig, Breedlove, Watson, 2005). This development offered a fascinating image of the human mind, which associated the computer to the brain. The computer codes used, offered a step-by-step model of how information obtained from the environment each day is recorded, stored, and recovered to provide a response. The formation of computer comparison gave psychologists the idea to begin a plan for information processing models of the human thought process and behavior. The goal of a cognitive psychologist is to understand the action of humans performing intellectual tasks and to form assumptions of the summary of the methods motivating the behavior. Cognitive psychologists offer theories about what is occurring inside an individuals mind on the basis of that individuals external behaviors. Without a doubt, there is no way to recognize for sure what is happening inside the brain of a human being. What is important is that the theory be accurate in determining an individuals action in a challenging situation. Cognitive Psychology is an extensive subject that deals with the different functions taking place inside the mind of an individual. Through the growth of this subject, psychologists are at this time able to understand humans behaviors and thought processes. Reference Rosenzweig, M.R., Breedlove, S.M., Watson, N.V. (2005). Biological Psychology: An Introduction to Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience (4th ed.). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sternberg, J. R. (2008). Cognitive Psychology (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Publishing. Taylor, L. (2005). Introducing Cognitive Development. New York, NY: Psychology Press Inc. Willingham, D.T. (2007). Cognition, The Thinking Animal (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Persistence: Endurantist vs. Perdurantist :: essays research papers

The notion of Persistence gives way to several predominant theories; of which, attempt to account for many possible questions that arise from it. As in most cases of debate, when more than one account of such is held to be true, there will clearly be much disagreement. Two views that claim to account accurately for persistence that remain widely known are , that of an endurantist (Threeist) and that of a perdurantist (Twoist). The endurantist will hold that objects are wholly present at all times, a persistent object ‘endures’ over time. The conflicting view of a perdurantist claims that objects are actually composed of temporal parts, more precisely, proper temporal parts. Further, a Twoist (vs. Oneist), will say that a name most often refers to the sum of one’s temporal parts, whereas a Threeist believes a name to refer to one who is wholly present during all times of its existence. The two opposing theories stated very simply, as above, give insight as to the nature of their arguments against one another. It does seem, however, that the Twoist’s account of persistence gives an exceedingly useful notion in regards towards many more subjects of philosophy, as well as an explanation that accounts for much more in terms of the problems associated strictly with persistence itself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The argument posed by VanIwagen, a Threeist, against the Twoist is known as the problem of Essential Duration; and the counterpart argument given by the Twoist is referred to as the problem of Temporary Intrinsics. VanInwagen’s (modal) argument goes as follows: One could have lived longer than did in the actually world; this must be accounted for by either, one having been composed of more temporal parts that actually was, or at least some of one’s temporal parts had a longer duration than did in the actual world. VanInwagen continues with; a twoist must clearly hold that temporal parts have their duration essentially; their duration can not be shorter or longer. It then follows that a person is also a temporal part, which is to say they are the sum of all his or her temporal parts, making this the largest part. If this is so, says VanInwagen, then the Twoist must hold this duration essentially and one could not have lived longer than did in the actu al world. A contradiction is reached, VanInwagen then very quickly disregards any additional consideration of such an avenue.

Atkins and South Beach Diets According to Dr. Michael Greger

Everybody (or almost everyone that is) believed in the fad technically referred to as â€Å"Atkins Diet† and â€Å"South Beach Diet† (Atkins Nutritionals Inc n. p. ). People say that it works because it can successfully modify an individual’s eating habits (Atkins Nutritionals Inc. n. p. ). It has the capability of limiting the ingestion of any carbohydrate-rich food to be able to change the metabolism of the body from smoldering â€Å"glucose to burning fat whether it is stored or not† (Atkins Nutritionals Inc n. p. ).In addition to that, it is said that â€Å"Atkins Diet† persuades one to exercise; thus, it may be claimed to be a part of a healthy lifestyle – – it can sustain extreme work out â€Å"because protein-, vitamin- and mineral-enriched food are highly suggested† (Atkins Nutritionals Inc n. p. ). Even then, however, some researchers conclude that the â€Å"Atkins diet† will not work because â€Å"one cannot en gage in Atkins for long because carbohydrate (which is lacking in this diet) is needed for the purposes of energy for the body† (Atkins Nutritionals Inc n. p. ).This has been made clear by Dr. Michael Greger later when he said the following: â€Å"Atkins Diets† is said to be the â€Å"most dangerous† kind of diet that has been introduced to people in the past fifty years (Atkins Nightmare Diet n. p. ). Dr. Michael Greger says that the application of the aforementioned diet will threaten the body of the individual (Atkins Nightmare Diet n. p. ). Furthermore, he says that it may be effective and can decrease an individual’s weight; however, one may get sick or even die as an ultimate effect (Atkins Nightmare Diet n.p. ).Moreover, Dr. Michael Greger claims that anybody who steps forward and advocate that â€Å"unrestricted amounts of meat, butter, and eggs is dangerous† is actually blameworthy of unprofessional conduct (Atkins Nightmare Diet n. p. ). I nterestingly, such claim is backed up by evidence as there has been â€Å"a careful scientific appraisal was carried out by several council and staff members, aided by outside consultants†, which actually made clear that the â€Å"Atkins Diet† causes severe danger to an individual’s physical condition (Atkins Nightmare Diet n.p. ).What’s very good about this is that medical experts maintain their claim on the detrimental and perilous effects of the â€Å"Atkins Diet† (Atkins Nightmare Diet n. p. ). Moreover, the â€Å"American Dietetic Association† states that â€Å"the Atkins Diet is a nightmare of a diet† because it encourages eating much of â€Å"bacon, cream, and butter while turning away from apples† (Atkins Nightmare Diet n. p. ).This has been advocated by the aforementioned organization for approximately thirty years now (Atkins Nightmare Diet n. p. ). The â€Å"American Medical Association†, â€Å"American Cance r Society†, â€Å"American Heart Association†, â€Å"Cleveland Clinic†, â€Å"Johns Hopkinsâ€Å", â€Å"American Kidney Fund†, â€Å"American College of Sport’s Medicine† as well as, â€Å"the National Institutes of Health† unite and uphold the official statement of the â€Å"American Dietetic Association† (Atkins Nightmare Diet n. p. ).In addition to the aforementioned, there are no organizations that backs up the claim that â€Å"Atkins Diet† works; in fact all peer-reviewed journals and other references like the â€Å"Journal of the American College of Nutrition† states that â€Å"the Atkins Diet runs counter to all the current evidence-based dietary recommendations† (Atkins Nightmare Diet n. p. ). Finally, the same is true with the â€Å"South Beach Diet† which causes â€Å"constipation, gastrointestinal problems† and â€Å"can stress the kidneys and increase the risk of liver disorders , gout, coronary heart disease, diabetes, stroke and several types of cancer† (Squires n. p. ).

Navigating controversial topics in the workplace

Navigating controversial topics in the workplace Generally speaking, most people know that conversations that dip into politics, religion, or intimate relationships are best to avoid in professional settings. Yet in the current political climate, taboo topics are becoming harder and harder to avoid, causing people to share more opinions and exercise a lot less restraint and privacy in the workplace.Regardless of who brings hot button issues into the conversation, it’s always best to be prepared to deal with them without putting your foot in your mouth or offending someone.  Here are some tips on how to keep it classy (and keep yourself out of trouble) when controversy arises at work.Always follow the rules.Your company almost certainly has some policies in place regarding religious or political expression. You might not be allowed to hang up a campaign button or bumper sticker in your cubicle, for instance, or decorate your desk with anything a coworker might deem offensive. Take a quick glance at the employee handbook now and then to make sure you’re coloring between the lines.Listen, smile, and keep quiet.Its easier said than done, but if the conversation around you turns heated, its often best to just sit back and take in the opinions of everyone around you. If you do more listening than talking on average, then you have fewer opportunities to say something you’ll regret or that will get you in trouble.Unless youre in a situation where a legitimate wrong or injustice is taking place, if you find yourself wanting to say something- and asking yourself Is this okay to say?- chances are you should probably hold that thought and keep it to yourself.Document wrongdoings.If you have a coworker (or boss!) who’s spewing offensive commentary or bullying you or someone else- or, worse, engaging in hate speech- then you’re going to want to build a case before you do anything or tattle. Have something tangible you can present to HR if that becomes your best option. Frame your concer ns in terms of safeguarding the health of the company and culture.If youre upset, say something.Rather than making assumptions or leaping to conclusions about a person’s character, sometimes it’s better to just be up-front and frank with a coworker who has offended you. This doesn’t mean leveling accusations. It means approaching that person respectfully with an olive branch and a chance to talk things through. Dont accuse- explain. Tell him or her why youre upset. Having the confidence to do this in the first place is a tricky skill to master, but this can be quite effective in neutralizing an otherwise fraught situation.Own your mistakes.If you’re the one making people uncomfortable- even unintentionally- own up to it, take responsibility, apologize, and change your behavior. Otherwise your job might end up on the line. Remember, you’re not the only one in the office whose opinions and feelings matter.The bottom lineIf a conversation arises and y ou have passionate feelings, by all means, speak up. But if you do, keep your tone and language as professional as possible. Try to diffuse rather than accuse. Ask questions rather than asserting strong statements. Keep an open mind and your emotions at an even keel- its possible to be both passionate and polite.

Isolation Essays - Emotion, Health, Brain, Emotions, Free Essays

Isolation Essays - Emotion, Health, Brain, Emotions, Free Essays Isolation Nicole Bumbacco Ms. Hannah ELC 4AO Dec 23, 1999 Isolation is defined in the Websters Encyclopedic Dictionary as occurring when something is placed apart or alone. Naturally, humans are faced with feelings of isolation at certain times throughout their lives. However, there are particular types of isolation that capture the imagination of writers and artists. Canadian authors are drawn towards the theme of isolation in their literature. Characters portrayed in Canadian literature are either spiritually, emotionally, physically or geographically isolated. Isolation can either have a positive or negative affect on humans. Humans are often driven mad by isolation, where their only means of escaping is by death. Others who are isolated develop psychotic tendances which cause them to destroy themselves, as well as others. Throughout Canadian literature, isolation has an extremely negative effect upon the development of the individuals character. In the short story The Lamp at Noon, Sinclair Ross portrays the young woman Ellen as a character who is driven mad by her geographical isolation. Throughout this story, Ellen struggles to break free from the poor, barren and hopeless prairie landscape she and her family inhabit. Ellen has little contact with other people. Living in a two bedroom home and once a month to town with not a penny to spend was not the type of environment Ellen wanted to live in ( Ross, 36). Feelings of loneliness and isolation surround Ellen, trapping her in an inevitable, hopeless future. Undoubtable, Ellens geographical and physical isolation were not the only components of Ellens insanity. Ellen felt emotionally isolated from her husband, Paul. Paul was too preoccupied with his farm to even acknowledge Ellens feelings of isolation. Ellen addresses Paul many times, trying to convince him to leave the deserted prairie. Paul does not listen to Ellen. He feels that all he needs to provide Ellen with is clothes and nourishment (36). It is clearly shown at the end of this story when Ellen is driven into a state of insanity that Paul also needed to show her love and affection (42). Geographical and emotional isolation warped Ellens character into a state of madness. Sinclair Rosss The Lamp at Noon is not the only short story that portrays the negative effects of isolation. In Susanna Moodies Brian the Still Hunter, Brians isolation moulds him into a demented and vile character. Brians alcoholism isolates him from himself as well as others. When sober, others refer to him as a passionate man, but, when the wit was out and the liquor was in, he was as savage as a quarrelsome bear ( Ross, 6). Others feared Brians unpredictable character and therefore Brian endured little contact with others. Brians alcoholism also isolated him from his family both physically and emotionally. After being on a spree for a week or two,...he would hide himself up in the woods and steal home at night, and get what he wanted out of the pantry without speaking a word to anyone (6). This quote exemplifies the physical isolation Brian endures from his family, when he was drinking. Brians isolation also resulted in an emotionally unhealthy relationship with his wife. Alcoholism often compelled Brian to feel guilty and worthless toward his wife, he would take fits of remorse, and return home to his wife- would go down upon his knees and ask her forgiveness and cry like a child(6). Brians entire character was destroyed inside, he felt worthless and incapable. to escape his emotional isolation, Brian attempted to commit suicide. (8) Brians unsuccessful attempt at suicide lead him into physical isolation again. he left off drinking entirely, and wonders about the country with his dogs, hunting. he seldom speaks to anyone... (9). This quote exemplifies how Brain was driven into a state of insanity. The character of Brian in this short story greatly displayed the negative effects isolation can have. The negative effects of isolation can also be shown through W.O. Mitchells novel, Ladybug, Ladybug. In Ladybug, Ladybug, the negative effects of isolation warp character Charles Slaughter into a psychopath. The only time Charles felt loved or acknowledged throughout his life was in the presence of his father. Even though Charles father was rarely around, he always remembered to bring him home a present. This gesture

Recruitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Recruitment - Essay Example For example, smaller firms engage differently with the external labour market than does the larger firm (Atkinson and Meager 1994). For the small firm, such engagement is less predictable and not easily incorporated into formalised systems (Atkinson and Meager). This report highlights the mitigating factors that will determine which strategy is most effective and beneficial for a variety of firm types. â€Å"Human resource management is a strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organization’s most valued assets, the people working there who contribute to the achievement of its objective† (Armstrong 2007, p.14). Centralised hierarchies, as one example, will often use the hard approach to HRM, which is focused around the tangible management activities of controlling, planning and scheduling. The hard style of HRM aligns, technically, human resource capital with business objectives usually using transactional leadership philosophy where rewards are highly contingent on achievement of specific, identified performance guidelines and objectives (Antonakis et al. 2003; Armstrong 2007). The soft approach, however, is more relationship- and people-centric where HR managers and line managers seek to actively build human capital through transformational leadership strategy, coaching, mentoring, and building social capital through establishment of a unified organ isational culture. Whether the business uses hard or soft HRM philosophy will determine whether formal or informal systems of recruitment and selection are most appropriate to the business. Centralised hierarchies do not provide employees with much opportunity for feedback and decision-making whilst decentralised firms genuinely try to exploit human capital by allowing employees to illustrate individualism, creativity and problem-solving on a regular

How does my school compare with other schools in the U.S Essay

How does my school compare with other schools in the U.S - Essay Example In some respects there are some schools like the universities who have access to technology but there are many websites that they block. According to Hermida the ones that are blocked have to do with sexually explicit content, womens history, religious sites, drugs and pop culture (Hermida, 2003). These sites are basically blocked because the government does not want Saudi people getting ideas that may mean they go against their religion. This is very different from U.S. education because in the U.S. there are some things that are blocked by education like pornography sites but for the most part students have access to many things that will enhance their learning. According to the Saudi government the reason why these sites are blocked is because they want to preserve their customs and their religion. When they block a site it makes sure that their people will remain loyal to their religion. This is very important on Saudi Arabia (Hermida). There is a question about the technology situation. It is one thing to have technology but if it is censored it seems that this defeats the purpose. In the U.S. students can find out about people and situations that are different from their own. In Saudi Arabia they cannot. This may mean that the Saudi children do not receive the same type of education as those in the U.S. because they lack the flexibility of the Internet. When someone takes an engineering course or something to do with business they are able to use the full technology in that area. This means that it will be offered to men more than it will be offered to women. It seems that the Saudis know that men will need to have a better understanding of the Internet because they will be doing business on a global basis. It is important to keep in mind that the goal of education in Saudi Arabia is very different than the goal of the U.S. In the U.S. people go for education because they want to advance their career or

Personal Narrative of (In)Civility Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Narrative of (In)Civility - Personal Statement Example Although I have been through many experiences of civility in my life, I would, here, narrate an experience when a person acted uncivil toward me. This experience is important for me as I learnt a very good lesson which benefitted me many a times after that. I was driving with my dad to the beach on a hot summer day when our car got stuck in traffic. It was a holiday and, thus, most of the people were out. Our car was at a signal. On green light, the driver in front of our car did not move. My dad has always been very against rudeness but, still, he kept his nerves. We got out of the car, and went to the driver. I saw that he was trying to grab his cell phone from the back seat that his kid has thrown there. â€Å"Excuse me! The signal is green from ages. Will you mind moving? The whole traffic is waiting for you to move on, and you seem like not caring at all,† my dad asked him. â€Å"Yes, I will mind moving until I grab my phone. You’d better stay back,† he repl ied with much arrogance. â€Å"How rude that is!† dad exclaimed, â€Å"Don’t you know you are bugging others in the line?† â€Å"No, I don’t!† he shouted at dad, â€Å"I’ll move, just go, I know I don’t have to stay here forever, as I am not that free as you are. Hey Jimmy, did you find the damned phone?† This time he shouted at his kid, who looked puzzled and was at the verge of crying. The signal had already turned red again. I felt bad as I was very excited about getting to the beach as soon as possible. My dad wanted to end the situation without any quarrel. He is basically a very polite person, who never gets rude to anybody without reason. But he looked annoyed, and this annoyed me. I wanted to punch that man right in his face. He really wanted some lesson. But I kept silent, and let my dad talk. â€Å"Hey man,† Dad said loudly this time, â€Å"I won’t allow you to be rude to me. Move your car right now. Ià ¢â‚¬â„¢m getting late.† Everyone was giving horns and shouting at us to move. I could see all other drivers staring at us. The man had found his phone by then. He grabbed the phone while still shouting at his kids. He gave us a wave with his hand with a look as if trying to tell us to shut up. I heard him say, â€Å"Piss off, you old man!† â€Å"What did you just say?† Dad asked. â€Å"You would know if you were travelling with little kids in the car, you old man!† shouted the man while trying to concentrate upon his keys. That infuriated my dad, but I held his arm and told him not to indulge in quarrel. I could sense him getting furious. The man turned his ignition on, and moved away with a jerk staring at us which was even more exasperating. We could also see him staring from his back view mirror. However, we, at once, got into our cars and moved away from the scene to unblock the traffic behind us. We, then, talked about road sense and driving tips. I c ould see that my dad was trying to make me learn how to be conscious on road. We reached the beach, but we were no more enjoying. It was as if something had taken our excitement away from us. That was definitely the negativity of that man’s rude behavior, which kept bugging us the whole day. We tried to have some fun, and that we did, but we could have enjoyed much more if we had not encountered that rude man. When we got home, my mom could sense that something was wrong. I stayed quiet, but dad told the whole story to mom, who also felt annoyed and angry at that man’

Challenges and Achievements Essay Example for Free

Challenges and Achievements Essay Have you ever watched in disbelief at other peoples achievements, thinking to yourself how were they able to get there? The Answer is exactly the opposite of the following statement There are no challenges so difficult, no goals so impossible, as the ones we set ourselves Its because they themselves set their goals and as a result made it happen. The goals that we set ourselves may surely be very hard to achieve sometimes but still possible. on the contrary, the challenges that happen to us unexpectedly or from the outside world which are way more impossible to overcome. Every year the famous Olympics are being held were the most talented athletes from all over the world come to show their abilities and get the most honorable medal one could get. Right after the Olympic season the Paralympics start, were all the disabled athletes are being given the chance to shine. And its astonishing how people in wheelchairs, without arms and without legs are ambitious to show that they can be something and be counted within the Olympics despite their disabilities. Even One athlete without any legs was actually running beside all those who had normal functioning legs, and he actually won. Reading it in the headlines of the morning newspaper, just made me truly believe that there are no goals a person sets himself that are impossible. In addition my own personal experience with challenges prove that whatever a person wants to achieve, he will, even if it sounds impossible to others. In order to complete my B.A I had to pass the math CLEP test. i was always bad in math and numbers are really not my specialty, but I knew Im surely no less capable then all the others that passed the test. All my friends told me how hard it was even for them and how impossible its going to be for me but my score proved them wrong. Read more:Â  Personal Challenge Essay Of course I worked really hard and studies for hours, but in the end I did it. A person knows himself best, he knows his abilities and strength so when he sets himself a goal, with working hard he will eventually get there. On the other hand challenges that come to us unexpectedly are way harder to overcome than our self-made ones. Prove to that are all the many challenges of sudden disasters, like this years hurricane sandy or major poverty, or sudden loss of a family member. People who were affected by the hurricane have lost their possessions, house and stabilization. In addition to their everyday challenges they have this, which will take them many years to recover from. Those are challenges that are hard to pass, and when one compares those to passing a math Clep, those seem way tougher. People often set hard-to-reach goals and sometimes they fail or succeed in pursuing those goals, but nonetheless there possible. Additionally i do think, though that for many, the most difficult challenges come from outside the individual, from the outside world and nature. Besides, without any challenges we wouldnt be able to achieve so many great things. So lets embrace our challenges, work hard and prove that whatever we want to achieve, we can. The next time i have a challenge to face ill think of that athlete who made it to the top despite all odds. After all nobody said you cannot learn from others in order to achieve the impossible.

Analysis of the Impact of Oil Prices on the Global Economy Essay

1. Introduction The price of oil becomes the bone of contention recently. Oil price seems to be hitting new highs with the regularity of a metronome. It is a bad news for customers who have to pay more on it. More frightening still, this situation may get worse before it come back to normal. No one can exactly predict when the pendulum will soon swing back again since all uncertain factors existing. From the supply side of view, the OPEC is the main producer, being prepared to add or subtract production to balance demand. Moreover, Russia is another major producer of oil in the world. They usually produce more when demand more and subtract when demand reduce to control the price of oil. Anyway, speculator is another factor we have to consider in short run. From demand side of view, every country is trying to reduce the consumption on petroleum, the government use tax strategy to control the oil price. Further more, government strategic oil reserves have to be considered as a factor which causes oil supply shortage. Next, let ¡Ã‚ ¦s discuss in detail how the demand and supply relation affect the price of oil. 2. Microeconomic Analysis 2.1 Analysis of Market Form There are not so many oil producers in the world; the countries that produce most of the world ¡Ã‚ ¦s oil have formed a cartel, which called Organization of Petrolum Exporting Countries (OPEC). Those countries controlled about three-quarters of the world ¡Ã‚ ¦s oil reserve. Within the OPEC countries, they tries to raise the price of its product through reducing in quantity produced and OPEC tries to set production levels for each of the member countries. From this point of view, oil market belongs to oligopoly which only a few sellers offer similar or identical products. In this form, the producers produce a quantity of output greater than the level produced by monopoly and less than the level produced by competition. The oligopoly price is less than the monopoly price but greater than the competitive price. Therefore, supply and demand theory can be applied in oligopoly form of market. 2.2. Supply and Demand Analysis 2.2.1 Oil Supply Analysis Supply refers to both the ability to sell and the willingness to sell by the producer. Actually, many factors can determine the quantity and individual supplies ¡Xinput prices, technology, expectations. The quantity supplied rises as the price rises and f... ...by tax. When the oil price goes up, the government will tax more on fuel, vice versa. Therefore, it will benefit the domestic consumers. Other factor is the Iraq influence, political unrest can leave the world without enough oil to go round. 3. Conclusion There are too many uncertainties existing in the world oil price. According to the analysis, the price may keep going up due to the shortage of supplies and increasing of demand without considering the speculators factor in short-run. In long-run, the oil price will definitely go down. On the other hand, the price may be peaked already. This will result of the speculators unloading their oil inventories, causing prices to fall sharply. Reference: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://blondesense.blogspot.com/2005/04/crude-futures-crudely-exploited.html 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  kjhj 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A titanic struggle between supply and demand, http://www.occupationwatch.org/analysis/archives/2005/04/a_titanic_strug.html (visited on 29th, April) 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oil and the Economy, http://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/speeches/2004/20041021/default.htm 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Time for OPEC to plump up its cushion, http://www.economist.com/agenda/displayStory.cfm?story_id=3759213

Employment Laws and HRM Strategy Essay

Describe the scenario that you have selected and its corresponding employment laws. The human resource scenario the writer selected is the need for seasonal employees who may be from another country. Employment laws for the state of Mississippi will be a base used to solve this issue. Mississippi Wage and Hour Laws from the Employment Law Handbook insures that seasonal workers are provided with a minimum wage, meals and breaks, vacation, sick leave, severance and holidays. Mississippi currently does not have any state laws requiring or regulating these requests. Mississippi uses federal guidelines as a base for establishing employment laws. The federal law as of today requires a minimum wage of 7.25 dollars. The federal law for overtime is also followed by Mississippi. Meals and breaks according to federal law are not defined. Breaks taken by an employee that are less than twenty minutes must be paid and lunch breaks thirty minutes or more do not need to be paid as long as an employee can do whatever he or she likes during this period according to the Department of Labor. Vacation leave is determined to the employer since Mississippi legislature does not have any established guidelines on this matter. Sick leave, Severance pay and holidays are all determined by an employer in the state of Mississippi due to established laws in this state (Mississippi Wage and Hour Laws, 2012). In August of 2012 Mississippi held a committee meeting on immigration reform. Governor Phil Bryant wanted to reaffirm a law preventing undocumented immigrants from recovering public benefits. The Mississippi Senate will have to take into consideration the United States Supreme Court rulings and federal appeals when drafting Mississippi legislature for immigration laws. The Mississippi state immigration law would have to comply with E-Verify laws and constitutional laws are not violated. President Barack Obama passed a deportation deferral to immigrants earlier this year but states can pass their own immigration reform laws such as Arizona and Alabama (Cherry, 2012). The United States Department of Labor established an act called The Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act or (MSPA) in order to protect these types of workers. The act protects employment related migrant and seasonal workers. The MSPA ensures that each nonexempt farm contractor and agricultural seasonal association disclose their terms and conditions of employment to each migrant worker. The terms and conditions of employment must be explained to the migrant and seasonal worker at the time of recruitment (Department of Labor, 2012). The job must description must also explain worker protection, amount of wages due to a migrant worker and provide an itemized statement of earnings and deductions (Department of Labor, 2012). The Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act also guide housing and transportation. The federal guide line ensures that housing and transportation provided meets federal and state guidelines with proper licensure and insurance which is enforced by the wage and hour division. The federal guidelines require records must be kept for at least three years which includes name, permanent addresses and social security numbers (Department of Labor, 2012). The Fair Labor Standards Act or (FLSA) requires that workers on large farms are paid minimum wage but they are excluded from overtime premium pay. The FLSA prevents children under the age of sixteen from working during school hours and working certain jobs deemed too dangerous. Children that are employed on their families’ farm are exempt from the Fair Labor Standards Act (Department of Labor, 2012). The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) require employers that want to use foreign temporary workers with H-2A visas get a labor certificate from the Employment and Training Administration. The certificate ensures that there are not enough able, willing and qualified United State workers available to do the work. The Immigration and Nationality Act standard of the H-2A program is enforced by the wage and hour division (Department of Labor, 2012). Recommend a plan to manage the HRM situation within the confines of the law. Justify your approach to your scenario to HR management. The human resource management plan the writer recommends would be based on performance. Job performance and task performance represents what an employee contributes to an organization that employs them. Migrant workers would benefit from this type of grading system if the work performance is factory based. Task performance is the product of employees performing actions leading to the production of raw materials into goods and services. Studies have been performed to show job performance management provides feedback and measurement improves employee performance leading to better organizational performance (Stewart, Brown, 2011). The writer believes migrant workers may show citizenship behavior. Employees often show citizenship behavior by going the extra mile for the company, volunteering for special projects, following organizational procedures even if they are not convenient for the employee and defending the business where the employee works (Stewart, Brown, 2012). The writer would focus on counterproductive behavior before it starts. Counterproductive behavior is behavior from an employee that is harmful to a business. An employee can exhibit two types of counterproductive behavior: 1) production deviance 2) property deviance occurs when employee sabotage equipment, destroys materials and products and misuse expense accounts. The counterproductive behavior can also be extended to gossiping about coworkers and showing favoritism. The writer would create a manual of policies and procedures explaining how this behavior is prohibited and have disciplinary consequences set in place if this behavior is exhibited. The writer would not use performance appraisals as much. The main goal would be to give feedback to an employee and listen to any problems they may be having. State how a competitive advantage may be gained by ensuring HRM practices meet the necessary employment laws. A competitive advantage can be gained by ensuring human resource strategies are followed. A company must have an employee handbook, benefits package, job descriptions and a payroll system in place to ensure human resource strategies are at an advantage to the company. The steps above can be followed also to keep in compliance with legal employment issues. Laws and regulations are important to ensure equal rights to disabled worker, employment eligibility for migrant workers with the use of an I-9 form, drug screening and work place harassment. A competitive strategy can lead to effective human resource department and a successful business (Managing Employees, 2012). Speculate what might happen if the situation was not handled in accordance with the appropriate employment laws. A business that does not follow employment laws can face state and federal criminal charges. A business can avoid costly law suits by following laws to ensure employees are treated fairly. A company’s compliance can save money that would be used to repair a damaged reputation. Specific laws protect employees from immutable characteristics such as sex, race, age and religion. Characteristics such as tattoos, nose piercings and long hair are not covered by federal and state laws. State laws can set a basis by not discriminating against marital status or sexual orientation and may not conflict with federal laws. The writer speculates that if state and federal discrimination laws are broken a company can face many damaging hardships (Stewart, Brown, 2012). References Cherry, Daniel (2012). Lawmakers Gearing Up for Immigrant Reform Battle Retrieved from http:www.mpbonline.org on November 18, 2012 Stewart, G., Brown, K. (2011). Human resource management (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons Managing Employees (2012). Retrieved from http:www.mississippi.org on November 18, 2012 Mississippi Wage and Hour Laws (2012). Employment Law Handbook, Retrieved from http:www.employmenthandbook.com on November 18, 2012 The Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection, (2012) Department of Labor Retrieved from http:www.dol.gov on November 18, 2012