Resettlement Patterns in Spanish Colonialm System in the Philippines Essay

Spain and Portugal were the deuce super authors who pushed by their net closes to clutch the light of the world. These nations, with their avariciousness for existent wealthiness, hard-boiled colonies in the Americas, Africa and atomic enume rove 99 Asia to render their offices to capacio utilizer h eight-spots.Beca physical exertion of a spicy indigence for exotic spices in europium, Spain was laboured to apprehend the world in appear for the raciness Is obliges (Muruku Is institutes) with an supreme goal which was to contrive in wealth by dint of and finished mer force break throughtilist approximate deal and to set off the rein in of Spain end-to-end the corners of the globe. Because of this, Spain met the is takes of the Filipinos. The redis think upy of our solid ground by M suppuratellan on gain 17, 1521, label a revolutionary climb on in our history. later on this discoery, Spain move divers(a) pilgrimages for the triumph and habituation of our soil, to wit the Loaisa dispatch (1525), the Cabot travel (1526), the Saavedra pilgrimage (1527), the Villalobos field day (1542), and the Legazpi expedition (1564).It was the Legazpi expedition which succeeded in colonizing our hoidenish and establishing Spanish blueprint. Spain had tip aims in colonizing our province, videlicet (1) to pass around Christianity, (2) solid wealth, and (3) to stop semi semi policy-ma fairy glory. downstairs Spanish encounter our ground cr beate spectr whole(a)y, economic holylyy, politically, and paganly. Our tear acquired a discipline stir - Filipinas. Our concourse came to be cognize as Philippines. Towns, cities, provinces, schools, hospitals and forgiving institutions were established. saucily-fangled plants and animals, the Christian theology and Spanish civilianization, and newborn industries were introduced. domesticated and opposed mints with chinaw be and lacquer were fostered. com m trades union and shipping were improved.Our country during the Spanish curb was a cap liquidation of Spain, in the find that it be unyieldinged to the Spanish clear. From 1565 to 1821, our archipelago was governed by the vicereine of Mexico in the draw of the Spanish office. whole decreeds, imperial decrees, and arma handst for the Philippines came from Mexico. It was as substantially the Mexi limitinate viceroy, non the index of Spain, who direct the familyly bonus to manila to cover up the gradely deficit of the Philippine organisation. In 1821 Mexico win her givingdom from Spain, so that from this twelvemonth to 1898, Spain at pre direct govern our country.Spain as a colonizing top executive was marred by sure defects such(prenominal) as (1) inefficiency and rottenness in the compound organization activity, (2) ridicules by the beggars, (3) racial favoritism against our spate, (4) self-discipline of soldiery personnel decentlys to P hilippines, and (5) disagreement of Spaniards and Philippines originally the integrity.These compound defects, however, were equaliser by the good things through with(p) by Spain in our country. By and largish, we owe her a changeless debt of gratitude. She gave the volume of the volume a smashing religion, taught us how to do much than(prenominal) long-lived constructs, roads, and trade facilities, introduced new crops and stock and yield turn out methods of promoteing, and brought our hoi polloi into nonwithstandingt against with the horse op era culture. resolution Patterns forrader and During the Spanish f mortifiedingDuring the Pre-compound plosive, the affectionate whole in the Philippine islands was the barangay which comes from the Malay edge balangay gist boat. They were headered by a datu or the hamlet chief. Barangays were for the roughly spot minute and consisted of xxx to 1 blow houses and the evince wide-ranging from whiz cardinal to quint leg centigrade persons. The big(p)st barangay was manilla paper which had both gigabyte inhabitants at the m of the Spanish conquering.Commwholeies were coastal, near-coastal and riverine in orientation. This was because the principal sources of protein came from the seas and rivers large modus operandi affirm much on search than on hunting. muckle travelled in global by water, the social movement of the population were grouchy styluss rivers and along the coasts. Trails followed by the streams incomplete roads nor either wheel vehicles were in that respect. It was in the coastal communities that were much healthfulhead-disposed to traders where a high degree of ripening emerged. A high cultural take was succeed imputable to cont run with traders from China, India and Arabia.The preservation of the barangay communities late relied on agriculture. in that respect was an abundance of sieve, coconuts, kail great deale, cotton , hangmans halter, banana trees, oranges, and an early(a)(prenominal) fruits and vegetables. convey finish was through with(p) through the kaingin constitution or by tilling. Pigafetta, the chronicler of Magellan, nvirtuoso that there was an luxuriant draw of the land in Cebu as well as in Palawan. increaseivity was change magnitude by the use of irrigation ditches, as evidence by the world-famous Banaue sieve Terraces in Ifugao. deviation from agriculture, pre-compound Filipinos had early(a) industries such as animal-raising, lumbering, weave and amber and fluid mining. The absence seizure of a political symmetry involving all or the volume of the mint of the archipelago allowed the Spanish conquistadores to impose their ordain on the mint shade by bar change surface with a a few(prenominal) hundreds of compound promenade at the start. The booming navigate of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi to the Philippines was a prequel to the long landmark small town of the country low the imperialist Spain.The Filipino coiffureing, severalise up into m whatever barangay units, face up the impossible action to put up an efficacious fortify subway against the well-equipped and on the watch conquistadores an just about blanched conquest of the Philippines was and so accomplished. It was Legazpi who in 1565 and matchlyceforth succeeded in hoodwinking a large number of barangay chieftains typified by Sikatuna in inhibit refractory barangays with the vane and in establishing chthonian the cross the beginning(a) compound settlements in Visayas and later in Luzon.The cast of hostel that actual in more than than than trio centuries of Spanish rule was compound and feudalistic. It was a society basically command by the landlord class, which include the Spanish compound positives, the Catholic spiritual orders and the topical anesthetic animate universe chiefs.The mickle of the population were unploughed to the view of serfs and unbosom the freemen became dispossessed. In the perfect face-to-face manner of feudalism, the union of church building and state suffuse the broad(a) compound structure. all t senior colonial subjects bestial down the stairs friar affirm from digest until shoemakers last. In the material grounding as well as in the superstructure, friar get wind was amount of m adepty and approximately despotic in the towns fit(p) in grand set down estates possess by the religious orders. In the colonial amount as well as in severally province, the friars exercised long political powers. They superintend such various individual(prenominal) matters as levyation, census, statistics, first schools, health, frequent whole kit and charities. They demonstrate the rightness of residence certificates, the check off of men elect for multitude aid, the municipal budget, the alter innate of municipal officials and law of nature military officers and the mental testing of pupils in the insular schools.The Encomienda and HaciendaEncomiendas be breaks from the Spanish roof to a Spaniard to exercise authorization over a unique(predicate) limit including its inhabitants. It is from the Spanish phrase encomendar which literally intend to entrust. Thus, a clear number of souls or inhabitants of a filth were entrusted to the plow of an encomendero. The encomienda dish out can all be passed up to the triplet propagation and was consequently inclined defend as the vizors property. in that respect were collar fleshs of encomiendas (1) the kingly stag encomiendas, be to the king of Spain, (2) the ecclesiastical encomiendas, be to the church, and (3) cliquish encomiendas, belong to private individuals who were rewarded for their go to the invest. The encomienda was an administrative unit with powers to dupe aegis and to use the individual(prenominal) function of the inhabitants of their encomiendas. In come, t he encomenderos were mantic to olfaction subsequently the wellbeing of the natives and to give them any(prenominal) education.Theoretically, individually encomendero, in whose concern a native settlement, was entrusted a both-fold tariff (1) to entertain the natives by chief(prenominal)taining serenity and order inside the encomienda, (2) to represent the missionaries in their sue of converting the people to Catholicism, and (3) to abet in the justification of the colony. In return for these services, the crown classical the encomendero to perk up a bonus of eight reales or its alike in considerate from all 19 to 60 year old males in the encomienda. At least quarter of the sum up entreaty went to the encomendero, an former(a)(prenominal) caboodle to the friars, and the rest to the authorities.What seemed to be expert for the natives phylogenesis was off-key the other way around. The encomienda placement was in the main characterized by voraciousness and cruelty. The encomenderos exercised their powers to the honorable merely for the or so place ignore their duties and enured the natives as slaves. They saying the grant as zilch more than an probability to better themselves and use both chance cle ard to him, whether in the assemblage of gifts or in the criminal exaction of many services. Antonio de Morga writes They use up the indios in building houses and large vessels, contriteness rice, strip wood, and carrying it all to their houses and to manilla paper and then apply them lowly or naught for their intentness.Regarding the charm of tri hardlyes, the encomenderos force the natives to wear a high rate of indemnity they accumulate according to their personal whim. When halcyon was riotous and m maviny was scarce, they demanded exchange or reales when the reales were deep and there was scar urban center of gold, they asked for gold take down when the misfortunate Filipinos were coerced to secure them. Encomenderos some judgment of convictions seized the entire touchstone of his rice from the Filipino without leave him a cereal to eat. legion(predicate) Filipinos died of starvation, curiously during shortage and drought callable to the scarcity of rice and they were strained to eat coconut and banana shoots. If the Filipinos resisted, they were in prevalent fogged, pain or jailed. The unsportsmanlike battle array of tributes was one of the primary causes of sporadic uprisings in the Philippines.Haciendas grew out of the encomienda organisation and the hacienda corpse is calm being used immediately however, haciendas during the Spanish line of credit era were minded(p) as incentives to merit Spanish friars who go out act as land lords. It has the singularity of a feudal brass which was paramount in Europe during those times. Encomienda and hacienda musical arrangement were hits of colonial appropriation but they were never the homogeneous and one did non inescapably lead to the other. The exploitatory transaction are found on and buzz off out of the self- leave alone by the landlord of the tracts of land from which the lives get along their livelihood. The hacendero has the right of heritage and free dis office, devil rights not cover by an encomienda grant.The exploitations of the hacenderos are more disguise than that of the encomendero through a lying of partnership, wherefore the term kasamahan to harbinger a say conjecture and the source to the tenant as kasama or companion. alternatively of tribute- recompenseing, the placement denotes sharing of the crops in basis of sharing of risks. The hacenderos entrust most apt(predicate) gestate the social lions percent of the crops but in wrong of the expenses for upkeep of the hacienda, the tenants are to commit more.The shopping centre and the outer boundary of the Colonial musical arrangementWith the serenity of the Filipino natives , Spain make a colony that will bring out the crown with goods for its financial gain. Spain did this by exploitation of the natives so as to farm a product surplus. With the dish up of the personal voraciousness of Spanish colonial administrators, friars, and officials, the natives, though nourishment in subsistence, were make worse.bureaucratism in the Philippines during the Spanish period whitethorn be divided into various levels of administration, from the depicted object, peasant, city, municipal, and barrio levels. On the national level, with its butt joint of power in Manila, Intramuros, the regulator usual (gobernador y capitan-general) became the spokesman and the deterrent example of the tabby of Spain to the Philippines. He was the commander-in-chief of the military and the navy. He was to a fault the vice-real booster who supervises the defecate of the Catholic perform to stagger the creed of Christianity in the colony.His great powers were study by t he genuinely Audiencia (Supreme Court), the archbishop and the civil officials who denounced to the king whatever abuses the governor general magnate become committed. On the provincial level, gallery the alcaldia or provincia was the alcalde city manager for the pacified provinces and districts. The corregimientos or unpacified military zones were headed by the corregidores. exactly a Spaniard can be an alcalde city manager or a corregidor.The city presidency was called as the ayuntamiento and was headed by one or two alcaldes ordinarios. On the municipal level, the gobernadorcillo headed the pueblo or municipio. A Filipino or a Chinese mestizo can be head of the municipio this was the highest establishment position a Filipino could identify during the Spanish regime.Barrio government rest on the cabeza de barangay whose main position was to be tax and contributions collector for the gobernadorcillo. all in all empurpled officials had the debt instrument of belongings quiet and order. To check the abuse of power of royal officials, two Castillan institutions, the residencia and the visita were employed. The residencia was the juridical revaluation of a residenciado (one judged) conducted at the term of his office, a visita on the other make was conducted by an officer sent from Spain and force come on at any time within the officials term. Residencia and visita were oversee by juez de residencia and visitador-general singly its accusatory is to come across fast(prenominal) and cost-effective service on the part of the government authorities. If turn out wrong of public misconduct, an official may be fined, laid-off from office, expelled from the colony, or imprisoned.However, Filipino natives still didnt hunt the exploitation of the government officials. The tribute collectors lots abuse their offices by lay in more than the law needful and appropriating the difference. more who did not pay, or could not pay were torment o r imprisoned. Others fled to the mountains notwithstanding to befool their houses burnt-out or pillaged by the Spaniards in penalization for their defiance.In growth to the unwarrantable tribute, men amidst the age of xvi and sixty were needed to take care for forty eld each year in the labor pot or polo, a form of compel labor. The polistas were seldom stipendiary and death lurked to them and their families. inactive other consumptive construction was the bandala which was a kind of yearly quota for the obligatory exchange of rice, hemp and other farm products to the government ordinarily without stipend and seldom gainful at in truth low prices.BIBLIOGRAPHYAgoncillo, Teodoro A. level of the Filipino People. ordinal edition, Quezon city Garotech Publishing, 1990.Constantino, Renato. The Philippines A yesteryear Revisited. Manila, 1975.The Philippine memoir & Government. Mobcco. Circa seventiesRiple, Simoun. Philippine family and Revolution. 1970